M'malo ojambula, kuzolowera zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndizofala. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, mowa umawapangitsa kumva kuti akuthwa ndikuwathandiza kupanga. Ena adavomereza kuti adayamba kuzunza "njoka yobiriwira" chifukwa cha mavuto am'banja kapena azachuma. Kwa ena, "choyambitsa" chinali kugwa mwadzidzidzi kwa kutchuka kapena, m'malo mwake, kukakamizidwa kuchita ulesi pantchitoyo. Mulimonsemo, zilizonse zifukwa, mathero akhoza kukhala owopsa. Nawo mndandanda wokhala ndi zithunzi za zisudzo zodziwika bwino zaku Soviet zomwe zidamwalira chifukwa cha uchidakwa.
Oleg Dal (1941 - 1981)
- "Zhenya, Zhenechka ndi Katyusha", "Old, Old Tale", "The Adventures of Prince Florizel"
Mwini wa talente yodabwitsa, Oleg adatchuka ali mwana, atasewera maudindo angapo mu kanema. Koma chiyambi changwiro chinali pachiwopsezo. Ukwati wopupuluma ndi Nina Doroshina, womwe udatha ndi chisudzulo, ndi chiyambi cha chilakolako chowopsa, chomwe chidakulirakulira kwambiri. Atsogoleriwo sanali ofunitsitsa kuwombera wojambula yemwe adasanduka chidakwa. Zithunzi zomwe zidatengedwa kale komanso pambuyo poti chizolowezi chowopsa chikuwonetsa bwino momwe mawonekedwe awomwe asinthira chifukwa chakumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Khalidwe lovuta kwambiri la Dahl linasokonezanso nkhaniyi: atatha phwando lina, nthawi zonse ankapanga zonyansa pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yojambula mwakhama nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa ndikupuma, zomwe zimakhudza malingaliro am'malingaliro. Ndipo adalimbana ndi kukhumudwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsimikizika kale. Kangapo Oleg Ivanovich anayesa kuchotsa kumwerekera ndipo ngakhale encoded yekha, koma sanabweretse zotsatira anakhumba. Wokonda owonera Soviet adamwalira mchaka cha 1981 ali ndi zaka 39.
Vladimir Vysotsky (1938 - 1980)
- "Malo amisonkhano sangasinthidwe", "The Tale of How Tsar Peter Married the Arap", "Vertical"
Mndandanda wa zisudzo zoweta amene anaphedwa ndi mowa monga woimba wotchuka wa udindo wa Gleb Zheglov. Vysotsky sanabise chikondi chake cha zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Ndipo maphwando ambiri omwe amapezekako nthawi zambiri amathera m'misokonezo komanso ndewu.
Zochitika zosasangalatsa zinachitika onse pa siteji ya zisudzo ndi pa Anatipatsa, kumene wosewera nthawi zonse anaonekera mu kuledzera wabwino. Kumwa nthawi yayitali sikunali kwachilendo m'moyo wa wojambulayo. Pozindikira kuopsa konse kwa zosokoneza bongo ndikufuna kuwachotsa, Vladimir Semenovich kangapo adasoka makapisozi apadera pansi pa khungu, koma adalephera. Pa July 24, 1980, mtima wa woimbayo wotchuka unasiya kumenya, osatha kupirira kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Yuri Bogatyrev (1947 - 1989)
- "M'modzi mwathu pakati pa alendo, mlendo pakati pathu", "Kapolo wa Chikondi", "Akuluakulu Awiri"
Yuri Bogatyrev ndi m'modzi mwa ojambula omwe amva bwino zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Ulemerero wa All-Union udamugwera atangotulutsa kanema "Mmodzi wa ife pakati pa alendo, mlendo pakati pathu", pomwe wosewera adasewera. Kusintha kwa Chekist Yegor Shilov kunali kodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti malingaliro atsopano akujambula sanachedwe kubwera. Akuluakuluwo adabwereza mogwirizana za luso lodabwitsa la Yuri komanso kuthekera kwake kusewera maudindo osiyanasiyana.
Koma wojambulayo, yemwe anali wopambana komanso wofunafuna mwanjira yolenga, anali wosasangalala komanso wosungulumwa m'moyo wake. Sanachite nawo chidwi pamalingaliro ndi chizolowezi chonenepa kwambiri, komanso kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Osakondwera ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake ndi ena, mwamunayo adamiza malingaliro osasangalatsa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Kusintha kuchokera ku Sovremennik Theatre kupita ku Moscow Art Theatre, komwe gululo linali lotchuka chifukwa chakukonda mowa, zinawonjezeranso izi: Bogatyrev adayamba kumwa zakuda pang'ono. Popita nthawi, kudalira "njoka yobiriwira" kudakhala koopsa, kotero mafuta, zonunkhira ndi mitundu yonse yokometsera idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Thupi la wochita seweroli, yemwe chikhalidwe chake chidasokonekera chifukwa chakumwa kosalekeza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opondereza, osagwira bwino ntchito. Wochita masewerawa adamwalira mwezi umodzi asanakwanitse zaka 42.
Valentina Serova (1917 - 1975)
- "Mitima ya anayi", "Dikirani ine", "Msungwana wamakhalidwe"
Mmodzi mwa ojambula okongola kwambiri ku USSR, wolandila Mphotho ya Stalin alinso m'ndandanda wathu wa otchuka omwe adamwalira ndi mowa. Panthawi ina, mabakiteriya okoma kwambiri mdzikolo amayang'anira Valentina, koma adapereka mtima wake kwa woyeserera woyeserera, ngwazi ya Spain Civil War, A. Serov. Tsoka ilo, mgwirizano wawo wabanja sunakhalitse, popeza bamboyo anagwa akuyesa ndege yatsopano. Wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Konstantin Simonov anakhala mkazi wotsatira wa nyenyezi ya kanema, koma ukwatiwu sungatchulidwe wokondwa. Wolemba "Ndidikireni, ndibwerera ..." adasandutsa mkazi wake, ngakhale Serova yemweyo sanakhale ndi malingaliro obwezera ndipo adalola kuti azikondedwa.
Lero kuli kovuta kunena chomwe chinali chifukwa chomwe chidapangitsa kuti mtsikanayo atenge botolo. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40s, anali atamwa kale mowa kwambiri. Kuledzera kumakhudza moyo wa nyenyezi komanso ntchito yake. Wojambula woledzera adathamangitsidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo sanaperekenso malingaliro oti ajambulidwe. Serova kangapo amapita kuchipatala pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lakelo, koma nthawi zonse amakanika. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa mkaziyo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, ndipo sizinatsalire za kukongola koyamba.
Andrey Krasko (1957 - 2006)
- "Checkpoint", "mamita 72", "Imfa ya Ufumu"
Andrey Krasko akupitilizabe mndandanda wathu wazithunzi za zisudzo zodziwika bwino zaku Soviet Union zomwe zidamwalira ndi uchidakwa. Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, nthawi zambiri ankatchedwa waluso panthawiyi. Ndipo zilidi choncho. Wojambulayo ali ndi maudindo ang'onoang'ono oposa 80 pansi pa lamba wake, omwe adachita mwanjira yoti adaphimba otchulidwa. Mwatsoka, ngakhale talente, kapena kukhala wofunikira mu kanema, kapena chikondi cha omvera sichinapulumutse woimbayo ku mavuto a mowa.
Monga Krasko iyemwini adavomerezera, adayamba kumwa atangomaliza sukulu, kulephera mayeso ku bwalo lamasewera. M'malo mophunzira, amayenera kugwira ntchito yoyang'anira masitepe. Ndipo pakati pa omwe amagwira nawo ntchito mwakhama, pafupifupi aliyense adayikidwa kumbuyo kolala, motero iyenso adayamba kusuta. Pamene maloto oti akhale wosewera adakwaniritsidwa, Andrei adapitiliza kumwa.
Malinga ndi bambo ake, Ivan Ivanovich, zinali nkhani zolephera. Pokhala nyenyezi yodziwika bwino ya kanema, wojambulayo adadzitcha yekha chidakwa, adayesetsa kuchotsa zizolowezi zowononga, koma osaphula kanthu. Mtima, wofooka chifukwa cha nkhanza za mizimu ndi chikonga kwa zaka zambiri, wosagwira bwino ntchito. Krasko anamwalira ali ndi zaka 49.
Frunzik Mkrtchyan (1930 - 1993)
- "Mimino", "Mkaidi wa Caucasus, kapena New Adventures ya Shurik", "Zachabechabe Zachabe"
Wojambula wotchuka adakondedwa ndi omvera ku Soviet Union, ndipo zopereka za tchuthi zosiyanasiyana zidalandiridwa kosatha. Posafuna kukhumudwitsa anthu pokana kwake, Frunzik adavomera. Madyerero osavulaza nthawi zambiri amasandulika okhalitsa sabata, limodzi ndi kuvina, nyimbo ndi mitsinje ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Mwina chikondi chazisangalalo chikadakhalabe chosangalatsa, koma mavuto am'banja adawonjezera moto.
Mkazi wa Mkrtchyan anali ndi matenda amisala, kotero wosewera amayenera kusiya maudindo ambiri kuti asamalire mkazi wake. Ndipo patapita kanthawi, matenda omwewo anapezeka mwa mwana wa wojambula. Atakhumudwa kwenikweni ndi chisoni chomwe chidamugwera komanso kulephera kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu, Frunzik adayamba kufunafuna chitonthozo pansi pa botolo ndipo mwachangu adasanduka chidakwa. Kugwa kwa USSR kunapangitsa kuti ntchito yomaliza ya anthu iwonongeke. Wochita masewerawa, yemwe anali atataya chidwi ndi moyo, ankamwa yekha, atakhala m'nyumba yake Yerevan. Kuwonongeka komvetsa chisoni kunachitika pa Disembala 29, 1993: Mkrtchyan adamwalira patatha sabata limodzi akumwa.
Viktor Kosykh (1950 - 2011)
- "Takulandirani, kapena Palibe kulowa kosaloledwa", "Amalira, tsegulani chitseko", "Obwezera osavuta"
Mwa ochita zisudzo omwe adamwalira ndi uchidakwa panali yemwe adapanga chithunzi cha Danka kuchokera pankhani yodziwika bwino yonena za obwezera ovuta. Victor adatenga gawo lake loyamba la kanema ali ndi zaka 13 ndipo nthawi yomweyo adatchuka. Atsogoleriwo anali okondwa kuitana munthu wabwino komanso waluso m'makanema awo. Pofika nthawi yomwe adalowa VGIK, katundu wopanga wojambulayo anali ndi ntchito zopitilira 10 zopambana. Komabe, atamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite, malingaliro abwinowa sanawonekere, ndipo maudindo anali makamaka kusekondale.
Ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union, nthawi zovuta zinafika nkomwe. Malinga ndi mphekesera, ndipamene Kosykh adayamba kumwa mowa kuthana ndi kukhumudwa komwe kumadza chifukwa chakusowa ntchito komanso kusowa ndalama. Gwero lokhalo lodzipezera ochita zisangalalo linali ma konsati, pomwe adalankhula za mbiri yake yolenga. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 kunabweretsa Victor maudindo angapo m'makanema, ndipo nthawi yonseyi adagwira ntchito mu Theatre Theatre ya Mass Performance. Kumapeto kwa Disembala 2011, wosewera yemwe kale anali wotchuka adamwalira ndi matenda am'magazi obwera chifukwa chakumwa mowa kwambiri.
Izolda Izvitskaya (1932 - 1971)
- "Makumi anayi ndi limodzi", "Mtendere kwa omwe akubwera", "Timadziyitanira moto"
Wochita seweroli, yemwe dzina lake lidagunda m'ma 50 azaka zapitazi, adakhalanso wozolowera. Adadzuka wotchuka atatulutsa kanema Grigory Chukhrai "Makumi anayi ndi woyamba". Luso la Isolde linayamikiridwa osati kunyumba kokha, komanso kunja, komanso ku Paris adatchulanso cafe pomupatsa ulemu. Malingaliro owombera adagwera pa Izvitskaya motsatana. Zowona, awa makamaka anali maudindo azimayi achikominisi pazithunzi zabodza. Ndipo woimbayo analota za ntchito yosiyana kwambiri.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kutchuka kwake kudayamba kuchepa, ndipo, chifukwa chake, wojambulayo adayamba kumwa kuti aiwale zovuta kwakanthawi. Koma zakumwa zoledzeretsa mwachangu zidawongolera malingaliro ndi thupi la nyenyezi yakale ija. Pa akonzedwa, iye mobwerezabwereza ankabwera ataledzera, kuyiwala lembalo, ankachita zosayenera. Posakhalitsa panalibe ntchito, ndipo Isolde anayamba kumwa mosadziletsa.
Mwamunayo, atalephera kupirira kuwonongeka kosalekeza kwa mkazi wake, adapita kwa mkazi wina. Tsiku lina anthu omwe ankagwira nawo ntchito atabwera kudzamuyendera, anapeza mayi amene anali wokhumudwa kwambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, Izvitskaya adalangizidwa kuti apite kwa akatswiri azamankhwala, koma adakana. Wojambulayo adamwalira ali ndi zaka 39 atakhala ndi njala yayitali chifukwa chakumwa mopitirira muyeso.
Elena Mayorova (1958 - 1997)
- "Awiri ndi Mmodzi", "Nyumba Zosungulumwa", "Sitima Yothamanga"
Mndandanda wathu wazithunzi wa zisudzo zodziwika bwino zaku Soviet Union omwe adamwalira ndi uchidakwa amalizidwa ndi Elena Mayorova. Luso lake linali losatsutsika, ndipo mawonekedwe omvetsa chisoni komanso kumwetulira modekha zidasweka kuposa mtima wamwamuna m'modzi. Atsogoleriwo anali pamzere kuti akope nyenyeziyo m'mafilimu awo. Mwatsoka, mu moyo wake waumwini Elena sanali wokondwa kwambiri: sakanakhoza kukhala ndi ana, ndipo mwamuna wake sanakhale womuthandizira weniweni kwa iye. Kuti athane ndi malingaliro oipa ndikuthana ndi nkhawa, Mayorova adayamba kumwa. Sanakhale ndi nthawi yayitali, koma, malinga ndi kukumbukira kwa abwenzi, adagwa mosavuta ndikumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndipo panthawiyi adachita zinthu zoyipa.
Izi ndizomwe zidachitika pa Ogasiti 23, 1997. Atakangana ndi mwamuna wake, Elena, mwachizolowezi, adayamba kufunafuna chitonthozo pansi pa botolo. Kenako, ataledzera kale, adadzithira palafini ndikuyiyatsa. Madokotala omwe anafika sanathe kupulumutsa wojambula wolemekezeka wa RSFSR.